Sri Lanka Coast Guard

The Sri Lanka Coast Guard (SLCG) plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the nation’s marine environment. Furthermore, . To achieve this, SLCG is planning to enhance its operational readiness across various contingency levels as outlined in the National Oil and HNS Contingency Plan (NOHSC). This expansion will be implemented sequentially, ensuring comprehensive coverage of all maritime zones under Sri Lanka's jurisdiction Moreover, the SLCG has developed extensive capabilities in oil spill response through training, modern equipment, and swift operational execution.

History of Oil Spill Response in Sri Lanka

Oil spill incidents pose a significant threat to Sri Lanka's marine ecosystem and coastal economy. Recognizing this risk, the SLCG has continuously enhanced its response mechanisms since its establishment. Over the years, the organization has played a crucial role in mitigating oil spill damages and collaborating with international and regional agencies to uphold marine safety and environmental protection.

The Sri Lanka Coast Guard (SLCG) commenced oil spill response operations on 23 August 23, 2012, following the sinking of the cargo vessel MV Thermopylae Sierra near the Colombo harbor. This incident led to an oil spill that posed a threat to a 50 kilometer stretch of coastline, including popular resorts at Mount Lavinia and Negombo. The SLCG, along with volunteers, successfully contained the spill, preventing significant environmental damage.

Capabilities and Readiness

The SLCG has built a strong foundation for oil spill preparedness and response, ensuring rapid containment and mitigation of pollution threats. Key capabilities include:

Dedicated Response Teams :The SLCG has highly trained professional rapid spill response teams, trained both locally and by international environmental protection agencies. These teams are strategically established in the four Coast Guard regions to assist oil and HNS contingencies around the Sri Lanka. These teams are capable of supporting tier 01 contingencies as a cumulative effort and in the process of enhancing its stockpiles to address even greater level extending to offshore. Additionally, the squad comprises trainer-trainee units to support internal organizational development and to conduct rapid oil spill response training programs (it is advised to maintain either UK or US English) for other responsible stakeholders.
Coordination with National and International Agencies : SLCG is having close collaboration with all maritime stakeholders as well as the mandated authority for NOHSC that is Marine Environment Protection Authority (MEPA), regional (ICG) and extra regional coast guard agencies (JCGA) and supporting partners for improving oil and chemical responses such as JICA, JNCC-OCPP .
Surveillance and Monitoring :The SLCG is equipped with advanced aerial and maritime surveillance units, along with state-of-the-art modeling software, enabling the timely detection of hazardous vapors emitted from spills while simultaneously tracking and predicting slick movement.
Shoreline Protection Strategies :Implementation of booms, absorbents, and containment measures to minimize coastal impact and presently the SLCG Marine Spill Response Squad possess of latest Shoreline Cleanup Assessment and Recovery techniques.

Training and Capacity Building

To enhance operational efficiency, the SLCG conducts regular training programs in oil spill response techniques, environmental conservation, and emergency preparedness. These training sessions include:

National and International Workshops : Conducted in partnership with organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and MEPA.
Simulation Exercises :Hands-on drills to test response effectiveness and improve reaction times.
Surveillance and Monitoring :Training personnel in handling hazardous substances and executing cleanup operations.
International Training Opportunities : SLCG personnel have had the opportunity to participate in oil spill response courses and workshops in various countries including Japan, United State of America, India, and the Maldives. These programs provide exposure to international best practices, advanced technologies, and practical experience in oil spill mitigation. Notably, these training programs are compatible up to IMO Level III and follow the Incident Command System (ICS) guidelines, ensuring a competency level that meets international standards in response and management. Such collaborations enhance the expertise of SLCG and significantly improve the organization's overall response capability.

Furthermore, SLCG personnel are actively contributing their expertise and firsthand operational experience to assist other nations, including the Maldives, in enhancing and refining their National Oil and HNS Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCOP).

Equipment and Technological Advancements

The effectiveness of oil spill response operations depends on the availability of modern and efficient equipment. Most of the equipment on oil spill response vessels has been donated through collaborations with the Government of Japan, JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), and the JCG (Japan Coast Guard). Additionally, the Government of Australia and the United States have also contributed essential equipment, further strengthening SLCG’s response capabilities.

Skimmers and Recovery Units : Devices that efficiently remove oil from the water’s surface.
Dispersants and Application Systems : Used to break down oil for easier biodegradation.
Specialized Vessels and Support Craft :Rapid response vessels and boats and dedicated oil spill response units for offshore operations.

Notable Oil Spill Response Operations

Since its initial operation in 2012, as the primary first responder, the SLCG has successfully managed several oil spill incidents in Sri Lankan waters including the Muthurajawela oil spill in September 2018 and the Nilwala River spill in January 2016. Some of the notable cases include:

MV X-Press Pearl Disaster (2021) : SLCG played a critical role in mitigating environmental damage from hazardous chemical and oil spills caused by the vessel fire.
MT New Diamond Incident (2020) : A coordinated effort with national and international partners to control a massive crude oil spill risk after an explosion onboard the oil tanker.
Multiple Minor Spills : Effective containment and cleanup of several localized spills near harbors and coastal zones have been carried out to prevent ecological harm. Notable incidents include the oil spill response following the Galle Harbour boat drowning incidents and the oil-containing bowser accident in the Laggala area. These operations highlight SLCG’s capability in mitigating environmental risks and protecting marine ecosystems.

Commitment to a Cleaner and Safer Marine Environment

The Sri Lanka Coast Guard remains steadfast in its mission to protect marine ecosystems and ensure swift responses to oil spill incidents. By continuously improving response strategies, acquiring cutting-edge equipment, and fostering regional and global collaborations, the SLCG aims to uphold the highest standards of maritime safety and environmental protection.

Through dedication and innovation, the SLCG will continue to serve as the guardian of Sri Lanka’s seas, ensuring a sustainable and pollution-free marine environment for future generations.